一种生物降解秸秆餐具的工艺有什么特点？

Formulation design

餐具所使用的填料为秸秆粉，如小麦秸秆粉、玉米秸秆粉或油菜秸秆粉等。

The filler used in tableware is straw powder, such as wheat straw powder, corn straw powder or rape straw powder.

黏合剂为PLA和淀粉混合物，两者质量比优选为( 10 ～ 15) ∶ ( 20 ～ 25) 。

The adhesive is a mixture of PLA and starch, and the mass ratio of PLA and starch is (10-15) ∶ (20-25).

填充剂为色白、安全环保且成本较低的滑石粉，助剂优选用KH-550w 型硅烷偶联剂。

The filling agent is talc powder with white color, safety and environmental protection and low cost, and kh-550w silane coupling agent is preferred as auxiliary agent.

工艺步骤

Process steps

该秸秆餐具的加工主要采用一次热压成型的方法，包括如下步骤:

The straw tableware is mainly processed by one-step hot pressing method, including the following steps:

步骤一：将秸秆粉、黏合剂、填充剂、助剂和水混合并以40W搅拌电机搅拌1kg物料为例，在搅拌20～30min后，再以喷雾形式加入助剂和水搅拌15～20min，得到混合料。

Step one: mix straw powder, binder, filler, additives and water, and stir the 1kg material with 40W stirring motor as an example. After mixing 20 to 30min, add the assistant and water 15 to 20min in spray form, and get the mixture.

步骤二：将得到的混合料放入模具中进行热压成型，热压成型的具体条件为：180～200℃恒温中在30～40的压力下保压30～50s，即得到秸秆餐具。

Step 2: put the mixture into the mold for hot pressing, and the specific conditions of hot pressing are as follows: the straw tableware is obtained by holding the mixture at 180-200 ℃ for 30-50s under the pressure of 30-40.

结论

conclusion

经一次热压成型得到的餐具产品原料低廉，餐具整体可自行降解为有机肥料，且降解速度快，无毒无害，安全环保。

The raw materials of tableware products obtained by one-step hot pressing are low, and the tableware can be degraded into organic fertilizer by itself with fast degradation speed, non-toxic and harmless, safety and environmental protection.

一次热压成型比常压成型得到的产品强度更高，工艺简单，可操作性高，易于推广；并且可方便得到不同尺寸、形状和厚度的餐具。

Compared with normal pressure molding, one-time hot pressing molding has higher strength, simple process, high operability, easy to promote, and can easily get different sizes, shapes and thicknesses of tableware.

根据模具的不同，采用该研究所述方法可制备各种尺寸和形状的餐具或器皿，比如盘子、碗、筷、勺子、餐盒、育苗盒等。

According to different molds, tableware or utensils of various sizes and shapes can be prepared by the method described in this study, such as plates, bowls, chopsticks, spoons, lunch boxes, seedling boxes, etc.

秸秆/聚乳酸复合材料是一种新型降解材料，建议加大对此材料的研究和开发应用力度，为环保做更大的贡献。

Straw / PLA composite is a new type of degradation material. It is suggested that the research and development of this material should be strengthened to make greater contribution to environmental protection.

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