可降解塑料制品是否真的可以降解呢？

出于环境保护及限塑令的要求下，可降解塑料制品被广泛使用，但是即使我们使用了可降解塑料制品，但是却对其知之甚少，塑料制品是否真的可降解？下面 可降解颗粒厂家为您进行分析。

Due to the requirements of environmental protection and plastic restriction order, degradable plastic products are widely used. But even though we use degradable plastic products, we know little about them. Are plastic products really degradable? The manufacturer of degradable particles will analyze for you.

我们以常见的可降解塑料PLA为例，PLA全称PolyLacticAcid，即聚乳酸，是由乳酸分子通过酯化反应获得的一种高分子化合物。由于其具有良好的机械和加工性能以及生物可降解性，目前被广泛应用于生物医学、包装/容器材料、纺织纤维领域。

We take the common degradable plastic PLA as an example. The full name of PLA is PolyLactic Acid, which is a polymer compound obtained by esterification of lactic acid molecules. Because of its good mechanical and processing properties and biodegradability, it is widely used in the fields of biomedicine, packaging/container materials and textile fibers.

谈到PLA的降解，可以说成也“酯化反应”，败也“酯化反应”。

When it comes to the degradation of PLA, it can be said that it is also "esterification reaction" or "esterification reaction".

在化学上，酯化反应是一个可逆反应，其形成的-COO-结构叫做酯键，是一种相对不稳定结构。PLA的降解便是通过酯键的断裂实现的；单纯依靠普通化学过程，酯键的断裂将需要很长的时间和消耗大量的能量，因此生物化学过程才是PLA能够高能降解的主要驱动力；在土壤微生物环境中，微生物会分泌特殊的酶使PLA从大分子断裂成小分子，进一步这些小分子将进入微生物内部被更多的酶进一步分解为二氧化碳、水、甲烷等对环境无害的物质。

Chemically, esterification is a reversible reaction, and the formed - COO - structure is called ester bond, which is a relatively unstable structure. The degradation of PLA is realized by the breaking of ester bond; It will take a long time and consume a lot of energy to break the ester bond simply depending on the ordinary chemical process, so the biochemical process is the main driving force for the high-energy degradation of PLA; In the soil microbial environment, microorganisms will secrete special enzymes to break PLA from macromolecules to small molecules. Further, these small molecules will enter the microorganisms and be further decomposed into carbon dioxide, water, methane and other environmentally friendly substances by more enzymes.

PLA塑料瓶的生物降解过程

Biodegradation process of PLA plastic bottles

在普通土壤环境下，PLA的完全降解需要1年时间，但是在适合的堆肥环境中将只需要60-100天即可。另有研究表明，在某些特殊的菌群环境下，PLA甚至可以在72小时时间内达到89%的降解率。

In the normal soil environment, the complete degradation of PLA takes one year, but in the suitable composting environment, it will only take 60-100 days. Other studies have shown that in some special microbial environment, PLA can even reach 89% degradation rate within 72 hours.

目前为热门的可降解材料为PLA和PBAT，这两种是可以全生物降解。根据相关通用标准，对可降解塑料生物降解性能的测试在一定条件下，比如国标GB/T19277.1-2011，测试条件为温度58℃±2℃，较大的湿度，90天内达到一定降解要求，我们就可以认为做到了全生物降解。这样的环境，人工堆肥可以做到，自然环境需要更长的时间。更多相关可降解颗粒等产品的事项就来我们网站 //www.ucgmex.com咨询吧！

At present, the most popular biodegradable materials are PLA and PBAT, which can be fully biodegradable. According to the relevant general standards, the biodegradability of degradable plastics can be tested under certain conditions, such as the national standard GB/T19277.1-2011. The test conditions are 58 ℃ ± 2 ℃, high humidity, and certain degradation requirements can be met within 90 days. We can consider that the whole biological degradation has been achieved. Such an environment can be achieved by artificial composting, and the natural environment needs longer time. For more information about degradable particles and other products, please visit our website //www.ucgmex.com!