热塑改性淀粉基生物降解塑料也可以做餐具？

Natural starch is a natural polyhydroxy compound with a large number of hydrogen bonds between molecules. This strong intermolecular interaction causes its decomposition temperature to be lower than the melting temperature, resulting in the lack of processability of natural starch.

在淀粉中加入小分子增塑剂，经过高温、高压和剪切作用能够使淀粉具有可加工性能，使天然淀粉变成热塑性淀粉。

Adding small molecule plasticizers to starch can enhance its processability through high temperature, high pressure, and shear, transforming natural starch into thermoplastic starch.

制作热塑性淀粉的常用方法是将淀粉、甘油和水充分混合分散，在一定温度下搅拌一定时间，获得凝胶状态的热塑性淀粉。进一步添加增强剂，对热塑性淀粉材料的性能进行改善。

The common method for preparing thermoplastic starch is to fully mix and disperse starch, glycerin and water, and stir at a certain temperature for a certain time to obtain thermoplastic starch in gel state. Further addition of reinforcing agents can improve the performance of thermoplastic starch materials.

为获得容易被生物降解、可取代石油衍生物的包装材料，研究者以不同植物来源的淀粉为原料，添加一定量的甘油，采用流延法制备了热塑性淀粉基薄膜。热塑改性后的淀粉具有大的淀粉结构域、良好的热稳定性能和抗吸水性，但膜的刚度低。为改善对热塑性淀粉膜的性能，他们在热塑性淀粉基质中加入纤维素纳米粒子，获得的膜在刚性、热稳定性、耐湿性等方面均有所提高。

In order to obtain packaging materials tha
t are easily biodegradable and can replace petroleum derivatives, researchers used starch from different plant sources as raw materials, added a certain amount of glycerol, and prepared thermoplastic starch based films using a tape casting method. The thermoplastic modified starch has a large starch structure domain, good thermal stability, and water resistance, but the membrane stiffness is low. To improve the performance of thermoplastic starch films, they added cellulose nanoparticles to the thermoplastic starch matrix, resulting in improved film rigidity, thermal stability, and moisture resistance.

利用甘油增塑改性玉米淀粉，然后将热塑改性淀粉和蜡质淀粉、纤维素纳米晶体复合，制备热塑性玉米淀粉基生物纳米复合材料。经复合后，材料的力学性能和透氧性提高，热稳定性降低。

Using glycerol to plasticize and modify corn starch, thermoplastic modified starch is then compounded with waxy starch and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare thermoplastic corn starch based biocomposites. After composite, the mechanical properties and oxygen permeability of the material are improved, while the thermal stability is reduced.

从小麦秸秆中获取纳米纤维素， 将淀粉、甘油、纳米纤维素混合并持续加热搅拌， 获得黏稠的热塑性淀粉基复合物，并用流延法制作薄膜。相比于未复合纳米纤维素的薄膜，随着纳米纤维素含量的增加，复合薄膜的力学性能先增强后降低，这与纤维的团聚有关。

Obtain nanocellulose from wheat straw, mix starch, glycerol, and nanocellulose and continuously heat and stir to obtain a viscous thermoplastic starch based composite, and prepare a thin film using tape casting method. Compared to the film without composite nanocellulose, with the increase of nanocellulose content, the mechanical properties of the composite film first increase and then decrease, which is related to the aggregation of fibers.

将工业玉米淀粉利用甘油热塑改性后，分别利用从剑麻、大麻中获得的纤维增强热塑玉米淀粉制备复合材料。发现剑麻和大麻纤维的掺入使热塑性玉米淀粉的玻璃化转变温度（Tg ） 升高，刚性增强，力学性能无显著改变。此外，向复合材料中添加天然乳胶，进行增塑改性，改性后复合材料的吸水性降低，材料的热稳定性和力学性能无明显影响。

After thermoplastic modification of industrial corn starch with glycerol, composite materials were prepared using fiber reinforced thermoplastic corn starch obtained from sisal and hemp, respectively. It was found that the addition of sisal and hemp fibers increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of thermoplastic corn starch, enhanced its rigidity, and did not significantly change its mechanical properties. In addition, adding natural latex to the composite material for plasticization modification resulted in a decrease in water absorption of the composite material, with no significant impact on its thermal stability and mechanical properties.

以D-山梨醇作为淀粉的塑化剂， 在加热剪切的条件下对淀粉进行塑化改性。加入纤维素纳米纤维（CNF）对热塑改性的淀粉进行增强改性，发现 CNF 可改善热塑性淀粉的力学性能和湿敏性。CNF在挤出过程中聚集，而螺杆挤出技术需要分散更均匀的复合物才能得到均匀的材料。

Using D-sorbitol as a plasticizer for starch, the starch was plasticized and modified under heating and shearing conditions. Adding cellulose nanofibers (CNF) to enhance and modify thermoplastic modified starch, it was found that CNF can improve the mechanical properties and moisture sensitivity of thermoplastic starch. CNF aggregates during the extrusion process, while screw extrusion technology requires more evenly dispersed composites to obtain uniform materials.

热塑改性的淀粉基生物降解塑料克服了天然淀粉不具加工性的缺陷，但制备的产品存在韧性差、 耐压不高、易碎，特别是遇水后产品易软化，使产品的使用性能受到影响。仍需进一步调整改进产品配方和工艺，使产品具有更好的使用性能。

Thermoplastic modified starch based biodegradable plastics overcome the shortcomings of natural starch's non processability, but the prepared products have poor toughness, low pressure resistance, and are fragile, especially when exposed to water, which can easily soften the products and affect their performance. Further adjustments and improvements are still needed to improve the product formula and process, so that the product has better usability.

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